JavaScript 解析Json字符串的性能比較分析代碼

我們?cè)谑褂肁JAX來做服務(wù)器端和客戶端交互的時(shí)候，一般的做法是讓服務(wù)器端返回一段JSON字符串，然后在客戶端把它解析成JavaScript對(duì)象。

解析時(shí)用到的方法一般是eval或者new function，而目前IE8和Firefox3.1又內(nèi)置了原生的JSON對(duì)象（據(jù)說會(huì)有一定的性能提升）。那我們?cè)趯?shí)際使用的時(shí)候怎樣從這三種方法（因?yàn)樾阅軉栴}，不考慮用javascript實(shí)現(xiàn)的解析）里面來選擇呢？面對(duì)眾多的瀏覽器，哪種方式的性能是最好的呢？ 

一、測(cè)試方法

var count = 10000, o = null, i = 0, jsonString = '{"value":{"items": [{"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}'; 

2、循環(huán)解析并記錄時(shí)間

eval

var beginTime = new Date(); 
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
o = eval( "(" + jsonString + ")" ); 
} 
Console.output( "eval:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 

new Function

var beginTime = new Date(); 
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
o = new Function( "return " + jsonString )(); 
} 
Console.output( "new Function:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 

native

if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) { 
var beginTime = new Date(); 
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
o = JSON.parse( jsonString ); } 
Console.output( "native:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
} else { 
Console.output( "native:not support!" ); 
} 

二、測(cè)試對(duì)象 

三、測(cè)試環(huán)境 

四、測(cè)試結(jié)果

 

*數(shù)值越小越好 
*在當(dāng)前列中綠色背景的表示性能最好，紅色性能最差：

1、Firefox2、3全部墊底，IE6的性能優(yōu)于IE7（可能和機(jī)器不一致有關(guān)），Chrome和Safari4的性能遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出其它瀏覽器。 
2、不同的瀏覽器下eval和new Function的性能不一致，總的來說eval更好，但Firefox下new Function的性能是eval的一倍，為了更好的兼容各個(gè)瀏覽器，我們把對(duì)JSON的解析單獨(dú)封裝成一個(gè)對(duì)象來處理： 

wrapper 

var __json = null; 
if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) { 
__json = JSON; 
} 
var browser = Browser; 
var JSON = { 
parse: function( text ) { 
if ( __json !== null ) { 
return __json.parse( text ); 
} 
if ( browser.gecko ) { 
return new Function( "return " + text )(); 
} 
return eval( "(" + text + ")" ) 
} 
}; 
var beginTime = new Date(); 
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
o = JSON.parse( jsonString ); } 
Console.output( "wrapper:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 

由于涉及到調(diào)用對(duì)象的開銷，封裝后JSON對(duì)象會(huì)比單獨(dú)調(diào)用更慢，但它能保證在各個(gè)瀏覽器下使用最適合的方法。 

五、結(jié)論

2009.03.23：屏蔽所有Firefox的Add-Ons再進(jìn)行測(cè)試 
由于Known在Firefox下運(yùn)行代碼得到了完全不一致的結(jié)果，懷疑是Firefox的插件導(dǎo)致，于是禁掉所有插件后（后來表明幾乎由Firebug導(dǎo)致），重新在Firefox2、3下測(cè)試了一下，結(jié)果如下：

這表明Firefox本身的性能并不是象我們先前測(cè)試的那樣低，在去掉插件后性能還是很不錯(cuò)。但是沒有Firebug一類的插件支持，F(xiàn)irefox對(duì)我們的吸引力也大大降低了。 

2009.03.31：循環(huán)中每次使用新的json字符串 
根據(jù)Oliver的描述，他猜測(cè)是由于Safari4和Chrome緩存了eval的結(jié)果從而導(dǎo)致它們的測(cè)試成績“虛”高，測(cè)試結(jié)果證明了他的推測(cè):

從這個(gè)結(jié)果中我們可以看到，Opera的性能最好，Ie8其次。
主要修改的代碼：

//eval 2: var beginTime = new Date(); 
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
o = eval("(" + '{"value":{"items": [{"x":' + i + ',"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}' + ")"); 
} 
Console.output( "eval:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
//new Function 
beginTime = new Date(); 
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
o = new Function("return " + '{"value":{"items": [{"x":' + i + ',"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}')(); 
} 
Console.output( "new Function:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
//native 
if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) { 
beginTime = new Date(); 
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
o = JSON.parse('{"value":{"items": [{"x":' + i + ',"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}'); 
} 
Console.output( "native:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
} else { 
Console.output( "native:not support!" ); 
} 
//wrapper 
var __json = null; 
if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) { 
__json = JSON; 
} 
var browser = Browser; 
var JSON = { 
parse: function( text ) { 
if ( __json !== null ) { 
return __json.parse( text ); 
} 
if ( browser.gecko ) { 
return new Function( "return " + text )(); 
} 
return eval( "(" + text + ")" ) 
} 
}; 
beginTime = new Date(); 
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
o = JSON.parse('{"value":{"items": [{"x":' + i + ',"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}'); 
} 
Console.output( "wrapper:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) );

附：全部代碼

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> 
<html> 
<head> 
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> 
<title>Parse JsonString</title> 
</head> 
<body> 
<div id="consoleRegion"></div> 
<script type="text/javascript"> 
//yui 
var Browser = function() { 
var o = { 
ie: 0, 
opera: 0, 
gecko: 0, 
webkit: 0 
}; 
var ua = navigator.userAgent, m; 
if ( ( /KHTML/ ).test( ua ) ) { 
o.webkit = 1; 
} 
// Modern WebKit browsers are at least X-Grade 
m = ua.match(/AppleWebKit\/([^\s]*)/); 
if (m&&m[1]) { 
o.webkit=parseFloat(m[1]); 
} 
if (!o.webkit) { // not webkit 
// @todo check Opera/8.01 (J2ME/MIDP; Opera Mini/2.0.4509/1316; fi; U; ssr) 
m=ua.match(/Opera[\s\/]([^\s]*)/); 
if (m&&m[1]) { 
o.opera=parseFloat(m[1]); 
} else { // not opera or webkit 
m=ua.match(/MSIE\s([^;]*)/); 
if (m&&m[1]) { 
o.ie=parseFloat(m[1]); 
} else { // not opera, webkit, or ie 
m=ua.match(/Gecko\/([^\s]*)/); 
if (m) { 
o.gecko=1; // Gecko detected, look for revision 
m=ua.match(/rv:([^\s\)]*)/); 
if (m&&m[1]) { 
o.gecko=parseFloat(m[1]); 
} 
} 
} 
} 
} 
return o; 
}(); 
var Console = { 
consoleRegion: null, 
getRegion: function() { 
if ( this.consoleRegion === null ) { 
this.consoleRegion = document.getElementById( "consoleRegion" ); 
} 
return this.consoleRegion; 
}, 
output: function( text ) { 
this.getRegion().innerHTML += "<br/>" + text; 
} 
}; 
//test code 
var count = 10000, o = null, i = 0, jsonString = '{"value":{"items": [{"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}'; 
//eval 
var beginTime = new Date(); 
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
o = eval( "(" + jsonString + ")" ); 
} 
Console.output( "eval:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
//new Function 
beginTime = new Date(); 
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
o = new Function( "return " + jsonString )(); 
} 
Console.output( "new Function:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
//native 
if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) { 
beginTime = new Date(); 
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
o = JSON.parse( jsonString ); 
} 
Console.output( "native:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
} else { 
Console.output( "native:not support!" ); 
} 
//wrapper 
var __json = null; 
if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) { 
__json = JSON; 
} 
var browser = Browser; 
var JSON = { 
parse: function( text ) { 
if ( __json !== null ) { 
return __json.parse( text ); 
} 
if ( browser.gecko ) { 
return new Function( "return " + text )(); 
} 
return eval( "(" + text + ")" ) 
} 
}; 
beginTime = new Date(); 
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
o = JSON.parse( jsonString ); 
} 
Console.output( "wrapper:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
//alert( o.value.items[0].z ); 
</script> 
</body> 
</html>