相信很多小伙伴都有這樣的一個(gè)疑惑,當(dāng)系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行多個(gè)線程時(shí),join() 方法到底是暫停了哪一些的線程?下面,我將給出關(guān)于 Java 多線程中 join 方法的使用以及分析過(guò)程。
首先給出結(jié)論:t.join()方法只會(huì)使主線程(或者說(shuō)調(diào)用t.join()的線程)進(jìn)入等待池并等待t線程執(zhí)行完畢后才會(huì)被喚醒。并不影響同一時(shí)刻處在運(yùn)行狀態(tài)的其他線程。
下面則是分析過(guò)程。
之前對(duì)于join()方法只是了解它能夠使得t.join()中的t優(yōu)先執(zhí)行,當(dāng)t執(zhí)行完后才會(huì)執(zhí)行其他線程。能夠使得線程之間的并行執(zhí)行變成串行執(zhí)行。
package CSDN;
public class TestJoin {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
ThreadTest t1=new ThreadTest("A");
ThreadTest t2=new ThreadTest("B");
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
class ThreadTest extends Thread {
private String name;
public ThreadTest(String name){
this.name=name;
}
public void run(){
for(int i=1;i<=5;i++){
System.out.println(name+"-"+i);
}
}
}
運(yùn)行結(jié)果:
A-1
B-1
B-2
B-3
A-2
B-4
A-3
B-5
A-4
A-5
可以看出A線程和B線程是交替執(zhí)行的。
而在其中加入join()方法后(后面的代碼都略去了ThreadTest類的定義)
package CSDN;
public class TestJoin {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
ThreadTest t1=new ThreadTest("A");
ThreadTest t2=new ThreadTest("B");
t1.start();
t1.join();
t2.start();
}
}
運(yùn)行結(jié)果:
A-1
A-2
A-3
A-4
A-5
B-1
B-2
B-3
B-4
B-5
顯然,使用t1.join()之后,B線程需要等A線程執(zhí)行完畢之后才能執(zhí)行。需要注意的是,t1.join()需要等t1.start()執(zhí)行之后執(zhí)行才有效果,此外,如果t1.join()放在t2.start()之后的話,仍然會(huì)是交替執(zhí)行,然而并不是沒(méi)有效果,這點(diǎn)困擾了我很久,也沒(méi)在別的博客里看到過(guò)。
為了深入理解,我們先看一下join()的源碼。
/**
* Waits for this thread to die.
*
* <p> An invocation of this method behaves in exactly the same
* way as the invocation
*
* <blockquote>
* {@linkplain #join(long) join}{@code (0)}
* </blockquote>
*
* @throws InterruptedException
* if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The
* <i>interrupted status</i> of the current thread is
* cleared when this exception is thrown.
*/
public final void join() throws InterruptedException {
join(0); //join()等同于join(0)
}
/**
* Waits at most {@code millis} milliseconds for this thread to
* die. A timeout of {@code 0} means to wait forever.
*
* <p> This implementation uses a loop of {@code this.wait} calls
* conditioned on {@code this.isAlive}. As a thread terminates the
* {@code this.notifyAll} method is invoked. It is recommended that
* applications not use {@code wait}, {@code notify}, or
* {@code notifyAll} on {@code Thread} instances.
*
* @param millis
* the time to wait in milliseconds
*
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* if the value of {@code millis} is negative
*
* @throws InterruptedException
* if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The
* <i>interrupted status</i> of the current thread is
* cleared when this exception is thrown.
*/
public final synchronized void join(long millis) throws InterruptedException {
long base = System.currentTimeMillis();
long now = 0;
if (millis < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative");
}
if (millis == 0) {
while (isAlive()) {
wait(0); //join(0)等同于wait(0),即wait無(wú)限時(shí)間直到被notify
}
} else {
while (isAlive()) {
long delay = millis - now;
if (delay <= 0) {
break;
}
wait(delay);
now = System.currentTimeMillis() - base;
}
}
}
可以看出,join()方法的底層是利用wait()方法實(shí)現(xiàn)的??梢钥闯?,join方法是一個(gè)同步方法,當(dāng)主線程調(diào)用t1.join()方法時(shí),主線程先獲得了t1對(duì)象的鎖,隨后進(jìn)入方法,調(diào)用了t1對(duì)象的wait()方法,使主線程進(jìn)入了t1對(duì)象的等待池,此時(shí),A線程則還在執(zhí)行,并且隨后的t2.start()還沒(méi)被執(zhí)行,因此,B線程也還沒(méi)開(kāi)始。等到A線程執(zhí)行完畢之后,主線程繼續(xù)執(zhí)行,走到了t2.start(),B線程才會(huì)開(kāi)始執(zhí)行。
此外,對(duì)于join()的位置和作用的關(guān)系,我們可以用下面的例子來(lái)分析
package CSDN;
public class TestJoin {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" start");
ThreadTest t1=new ThreadTest("A");
ThreadTest t2=new ThreadTest("B");
ThreadTest t3=new ThreadTest("C");
System.out.println("t1start");
t1.start();
System.out.println("t2start");
t2.start();
System.out.println("t3start");
t3.start();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" end");
}
}
運(yùn)行結(jié)果為
main start
t1start
t1end
t2start
t2end
t3start
t3end
A-1
A-2
main end
C-1
C-2
C-3
C-4
C-5
A-3
B-1
B-2
B-3
B-4
B-5
A-4
A-5
A、B、C和主線程交替運(yùn)行。加入join()方法后
package CSDN;
public class TestJoin {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" start");
ThreadTest t1=new ThreadTest("A");
ThreadTest t2=new ThreadTest("B");
ThreadTest t3=new ThreadTest("C");
System.out.println("t1start");
t1.start();
System.out.println("t1end");
System.out.println("t2start");
t2.start();
System.out.println("t2end");
t1.join();
System.out.println("t3start");
t3.start();
System.out.println("t3end");
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" end");
}
}
運(yùn)行結(jié)果:
main start
t1start
t1end
t2start
t2end
A-1
B-1
A-2
A-3
A-4
A-5
B-2
t3start
t3end
B-3
main end
B-4
B-5
C-1
C-2
C-3
C-4
C-5
多次實(shí)驗(yàn)可以看出,主線程在t1.join()方法處停止,并需要等待A線程執(zhí)行完畢后才會(huì)執(zhí)行t3.start(),然而,并不影響B(tài)線程的執(zhí)行。因此,可以得出結(jié)論,t.join()方法只會(huì)使主線程進(jìn)入等待池并等待t線程執(zhí)行完畢后才會(huì)被喚醒。并不影響同一時(shí)刻處在運(yùn)行狀態(tài)的其他線程。
PS:join源碼中,只會(huì)調(diào)用wait方法,并沒(méi)有在結(jié)束時(shí)調(diào)用notify,這是因?yàn)榫€程在die的時(shí)候會(huì)自動(dòng)調(diào)用自身的notifyAll方法,來(lái)釋放所有的資源和鎖。
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