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帶你初次體驗SpringCloud微服務框架

退役魔法少女 2021-08-21 16:48:34 瀏覽數(shù) (2556)
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本篇文章和大家分享一篇關于SpringCloud相關內(nèi)容的文章,內(nèi)容包括了SpringCloud的一些基本概念介紹以及帶大家初步體驗一下SpringCloud框架的使用。

一、微服務簡介

Ⅰ、我對微服務的理解

微服務是軟件開發(fā)的一種架構方式,由單一的應用小程序構成的小服務;一個軟件系統(tǒng)由多個服務組成;在微服務中,服務是細粒度的,協(xié)議是輕量級的(部署簡單、性能開銷?。?/p>

Ⅱ、為什么要使用微服務?

隨著時代的發(fā)展,單體架構(MVC三層模型)越來越不能滿足企業(yè)的要求;業(yè)務規(guī)模的不斷擴大、團隊開發(fā)人員的增多,使得單體架構出現(xiàn)了以下幾個問題:

(1)部署效率低(比如代碼量非常多,依賴的包非常多,那么每一次編譯打包、部署測試的時間就會很久)
(2)團隊開發(fā)成本高(如果某個模塊出現(xiàn)問題,可能就要多人修改)
(3)高可用性低(打成war包部署之后,如果某一塊出現(xiàn)了問題,其他模塊都會受到影響)
(4)一旦代碼膨脹(簡單了說你寫的代碼量大,但功能沒實現(xiàn)幾個,浪費資源),上線就會變慢

SOA(面向服務編程)便出現(xiàn)了

SOA簡介

SOA是一個組件模型,它將應用程序的不同功能單元(稱為服務)進行拆分,并通過這些服務之間定義良好的接口和協(xié)議聯(lián)系起來。

雖然解決了服務的啟動時間,但服務化也有很大的缺點

1、耦合度較高(一個依賴可能另一個模塊,另外一個模塊又可能依賴其他模塊)
2、公司成本高(每一個模塊都要由相應的人員或者團隊維護)

2014年,隨著容器化技術的成熟以及 DevOps 文化的興起,微服務便應運而生了

微服務的特點

1.服務細粒度
2.協(xié)議輕量級
3.部署簡單
4.服務的獨立維護性


二、spring cloud

Ⅰ、springcloud介紹

springcloud是分布式微服務架構的一站式解決方案,是多種微服務架構落地技術的集合體。

1.分布式/版本化配置
2.服務注冊和發(fā)現(xiàn)
3.路由
4.服務到服務的通話
5.負載均衡
6.斷路器
7.全局鎖
8.領導選舉和集群狀態(tài)
9.分布式消息傳遞

SpringCloud的官網(wǎng)地址:https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud#overview

Ⅱ、boot和cloud的版本選型

1.進入springcloud官方頁面:https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud#learn

2. LEARN->Reference Doc.

在這里插入圖片描述

3. 版本選擇

在這里插入圖片描述


三、springcloud初級項目體驗

最近發(fā)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡上很多springcloud入門體驗都是關于消費-訂單的小Demo,那我當然不能落后了(菜是原罪??)

PRE: 模擬服務間調(diào)用之流程分析

1、創(chuàng)建一個父項目(統(tǒng)一管理子模塊依賴版本)
2、創(chuàng)建第一個子模塊-----》訂單服務模塊
3、創(chuàng)建第二個子模塊-----》客戶消費模塊

3.1、訂單服務模塊

編寫代碼之前應該先構思好流程,如果直接就去碼代碼,碼了一會可能又要添添改改;還有可能做完項目之后又要對項目進行重構,這就是沒有構思好流程。
1、技術選型
2、業(yè)務流程
3、核心業(yè)務分析
4、代碼優(yōu)化

Ⅰ、數(shù)據(jù)庫表設計

Ⅱ、創(chuàng)建一個父工程

刪除多余的文件,留下一個pom.xml文件

pom文件依賴

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud_all</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <modules>
    ## 創(chuàng)建了子模塊之后會自動加入
     ##   <module>payment-module</module>
    </modules>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <junit.version>4.13</junit.version>
        <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
        <lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
        <mysql.version>8.0.19</mysql.version>
        <druid.version>1.2.4</druid.version>
        <mybatis.spring.boot.version>2.1.4</mybatis.spring.boot.version>
        <druid.spring.boot.version>1.2.4</druid.spring.boot.version>
        <springfox-swagger-ui.version>2.9.2</springfox-swagger-ui.version>
        <springfox-swagger2.version>2.9.2</springfox-swagger2.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2.4.3</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--      spring-cloud 2020.0.2-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2020.0.2</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--      spring-cloud alibaba-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2021.1</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>${mysql.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
                <version>${druid.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>${mybatis.spring.boot.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>${druid.spring.boot.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
                <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
                <version>${springfox-swagger-ui.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
                <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
                <version>${springfox-swagger2.version}</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <fork>true</fork>
                    <addResources>true</addResources>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

 

Ⅲ、創(chuàng)建子訂單模塊

右鍵->New->Module



PaymentApplication啟動類

@SpringBootApplication
public class PaymentApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentApplication.class,args);
    }
}

 

Ⅲ、子模塊代碼編寫

Ⅲ.Ⅰ、pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud_all</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.cloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.pay</groupId>
    <artifactId>payment-module</artifactId>
    <dependencies>
<!--        web+監(jiān)控-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
<!--        mybatis-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
<!--        mysql-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
<!--        jdbc-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

Ⅲ.Ⅱ、application.yml 配置文件編寫

server:
  port: 8081

spring:
  application:
    name: payment-module
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cloud?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
    username: root
    password: hao20001010
mybatis:
  mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
  type-aliases-package: com.cloud.entity

Ⅲ.Ⅲ、Controller層編寫

package com.cloud.controller;


import com.cloud.Service.PaymentService;

import com.cloud.entity.Payment;
import com.cloud.entity.Result;
import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModel;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModelProperty;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

/**
 * @author:抱著魚睡覺的喵喵
 * @date:2021/4/18
 * @description:
 */
@RestController
@Slf4j
@Api(value = "《----訂單模塊----》")
public class PaymentController {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PaymentController.class);
    @Resource
    private PaymentService paymentService;

    /**
     * 創(chuàng)建訂單模塊
     * @api /payment/create
     * @param payment Payment實體類
     * @return  Result<></>
     */
    @ApiOperation(value = "創(chuàng)建訂單")
    @PostMapping(value = "/payment/create")
    public Result create(@RequestBody Payment payment) {
        int result = paymentService.create(payment);
        logger.info("插入結果========》" +result);
        if (result > 0) {
            return new Result(200,"插入成功", result);
        } else {
            return new Result(500, "插入失敗", null);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 訂單查詢模塊
     * @api /payment/get/{id}
     * @param id  編號
     * @return Payment實體類
     */
    @GetMapping(value = "/payment/get/{id}")
    @ApiModelProperty(value = "訂單查詢")
    public Result getPaymentById(@PathVariable(value = "id") Integer id) {
        Payment payment = paymentService.getPaymentById(id);
        logger.info("訂單查詢結果=========>"+payment);
        if (payment != null) {
            return new Result(200, "查詢成功", payment);
        } else {
            logger.error("訂單插敘失敗!請排查原因");
            return new Result(500, "查詢失敗,無該訂單ID:"+id, null);
        }
    }
}

Ⅲ.Ⅳ、service層

public interface PaymentService {
    int create(Payment payment);
    Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Integer id);
}
@Service
public class PaymentServiceImpl implements PaymentService {

    @Resource
    private PaymentMapper paymentMapper;

    @Override
    public int create(Payment payment) {
        return paymentMapper.create(payment);
    }

    @Override
    public Payment getPaymentById(Integer id) {
        return paymentMapper.getPaymentById(id);
    }
}

Ⅲ.Ⅴ、mapper層

@Mapper
public interface PaymentMapper {
    int create(Payment payment);
    Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Integer id);
}

Ⅲ.Ⅵ、mapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.cloud.mapper.PaymentMapper">
    <insert id="create" parameterType="payment" keyProperty="id" useGeneratedKeys="true">
        insert into payment(orders)values(#{orders})
    </insert>
    <select id="getPaymentById" parameterType="payment" resultMap="BaseResultMap" >
        select * from payment where id=#{id}
    </select>
    <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="payment">
        <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
        <id column="orders" property="orders" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
    </resultMap>
</mapper>

Ⅳ、統(tǒng)一結果封裝類及其實體類

@Data
public class Result<T> implements Serializable {
    private Integer code;
    private String message;
    private T data;

    public Result(){}

    public Result(Integer code, String msg) {
        this(code, msg, null);
    }
    public Result(Integer code, String msg, T data) {
        this.code = code;
        this.message = msg;
        this.data = data;
    }
}
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@ApiModel(value = "Payment實體類")
public class Payment {

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "id")
    private Integer id;
    @ApiModelProperty(value = "訂單信息")
    private String orders;
}

五、測試


3.2、消費服務模塊

消費模塊項目結構圖

Payment、Result以及ConsumerApplication啟動類和上面類似。

PRE:RestTemplate詳解

RestTemplate是spring封裝的一個服務端遠程HTTP請求工具,支持常見的Rest請求(get、post等)
簡單了說就是用來遠程調(diào)用的,因為你訂單模塊是一個服務,消費模塊又是一個單獨的服務,兩個服務端的端口號要進行交互,所以就有了RestTemplate

RestTemplate是服務端HTTP調(diào)用的
Jsonp是客戶端調(diào)用的

Ⅰ、消費模塊application.yml配置

server:
  port: 80

Ⅱ、配置類注入RestTemplate

@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig {

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

@Configuration : 該注解類似于beans

@Bean:當然就類似于bean了

Ⅲ、ConsumerController

@RestController
@Api(value = "消費模塊")
public class ConsumerController {

    private static final String CONSUMER_URL = "http://localhost:8081";
    @Resource
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/create")
    @ApiOperation(value = "模擬添加")
    public Result<Payment> create(Payment payment) {
        return restTemplate.postForObject(CONSUMER_URL + "/payment/create", payment, Result.class);
    }

    @ApiOperation(value = "模擬獲取")
    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/get/{id}")
    public Result<Payment> getPayment(@PathVariable(value = "id") Integer id) {
        return restTemplate.getForObject(CONSUMER_URL + "/payment/get/" + id, Result.class);
    }
}

3.3、全局測試


到此結束!

到此這篇關于初次體驗SpringCloud微服務框架的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關springcloud的內(nèi)容,請搜索W3Cschool以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關文章,也希望大家以后多多支持!


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